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Gastro-esophageal reflux disease, heartburn, reflux
Esophageal obstruction, strictures, webs, rings, and cancer
Barrett’s esophagus
Swallowing disorders, esophageal spasm, achalasia, and nutcracker esophagus
Peptic ulcer diseases, gastric & duodenal ulcers, and gastritis
Helicobacter
pylori (HP) infection
Upper and lower intestinal bleeding
Evaluation of abdominal pain
Irritable bowel syndrome and spastic colon
Constipation and diarrhea
Colitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, microscopic colitis
Colon obstruction, polyps, and cancer
Screening for colon cancer
Gallbladder stones and stones in the bile duct
Pancreatitis
Common bile duct and pancreatic duct obstruction
Internal hemorrhoids
Acute and chronic liver disease and all complications of liver disease
Hepatitis B and hepatitis C
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Auto-immune hepatitis
Alcoholic liver disease
Upper
endoscopy
Flexible
sigmoidoscopy
Colonoscopy
and polypectomy
Dilation and stenting of esophageal strictures, colonic strictures, and achalasia
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); diagnostic,therapeutic for removal of stones, and treatment of strictures
Infrared
coagulation (IRC) and banding of internal hemorrhoids
Endoscopic
sclerotherapy and variceal banding
Esophageal
motility and pH testing
Percutaneous
endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement (PEG)
Esophageal
foreign body removal
Liver
biopsy
Abdominal
paracentesis (fluid drainage)
Endoscopic therapy of bleeding ulcers
Injection
sclerotherapy and banding of esophageal varices
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and EUS guided fine needle aspiration
Rotational enteroscopy (spirus assisted enteroscopy)
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